Wind makes the projectile deviate from its trajectory. Drag, or the air resistance, decelerates the projectile with a force proportional to the square of the velocity. In small arms external ballistics applications, gravity imparts a downward acceleration on the projectile, causing it to drop from the line of sight. When in flight, the main or major forces acting on the projectile are gravity, drag, and if present, wind if in powered flight, thrust and if guided, the forces imparted by the control surfaces. External ballistics is also concerned with the free-flight of other projectiles, such as balls, arrows etc. However, exterior ballistics analysis also deals with the trajectories of rocket-assisted gun-launched projectiles and gun-launched rockets and rockets that acquire all their trajectory velocity from the interior ballistics of their on-board propulsion system, either a rocket motor or air-breathing engine, both during their boost phase and after motor burnout. Gun-launched projectiles may be unpowered, deriving all their velocity from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field. Behavior of projectiles in flight This schlieren image of a bullet travelling in free-flight demonstrates the air-pressure dynamics surrounding the bullet.Įxternal ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight.
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